By root, I'm going to assume you mean a square root.
First, you try to isolate the root.
Then, you simplify
Then, you square everything (EVERYTHING).
Set everything equal to zero.
Then, you can solve for x using factoring.
EX)
√3x+2x+4=3x-2
Isolate your x. Therefore,
√3x+2x=3x-2-4
√3x=3x-2x-2-4
Simplify.
√3x=x-6
Square everything.
(√3x)²=x²-6²
Then, you get 3x=x²-36
Set it all = to zero.
x²-3x-36=0
Now, you can factor. Factoring is a whole nother topic, it can be found on any website. Just Google search "factoring". For this problem, you're gonna have to use the quadratic formula. Rather than do all that, I'm just going to say your answers-
x=7.68465
x=-4.6846
You (normally) will have two answers when solving a sq rt problem, because in the last step, you end up with an (x+/-#)times(x+/-#)=0. You then set both of these parentheses equal to zero, so you have two answers.
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Solving a one variable linear equation involves getting the variable on one side of the equals sign by itself. To do this one uses the properties of numbers.
The difference is that first you have to understand the problem and translate it into an equation (or equations).
Whatever is done on one side of the equation must be repeated on the other side of the equation to maintain balance and equality.
In a two step equation, you need to do another step.
Methods vary considerably depending upon the number of powers in the equation. For example, the method for solving cubics is quite different to solving quadratics etc... It's not really possible to generalise to one technique.