If a number can be written as the ratio of two integers (a fraction with whole
numbers on top and bottom) then the number is rational. If it can't then it isn't.
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It is a non-integer. It can be a rational fraction (in decimal or rational form); it can be an irrational number (including transcendental numbers); it could be a complex number or a quaternion.
Counting numbers are a proper subset of whole numbers which are the same as integers which are a proper subset of rational numbers.
Rational numbers are a proper subset of real numbers so all rational numbers are real numbers.
Rational.All counting numbers (1, 2, 3 etc.) are rational. In fact many fractions/decimals are rational too. Rational just means that we know when the numbers stop.A good example of an irrational number is Pi, which equals 3.14159265358979.... and it just keeps going. No one knows the exact number of pi because as far as anyone can tell, the numbers keep going forever without any proper repeating pattern.
Rational numbers form a proper subset of real numbers. So all rational numbers are real numbers but all real numbers are not rational.