An obvious answer is to allow an organisation to decide how many people they should employ for serving customers. That may be tellers in a bank or post office, or telephone operators at a call centre.
Obviously, employing too many is a waste of the organisations resource. Unfortunately, most organisations do not realise that not employing enough, so that the customers are left waiting (or left on hold and forced to listen to some revolting "music") does not do much for their image. But hey, they saved some money, so they're good!
All the time. Statistic is based on the application of probability theory!
Probability theory and distributive theory.
Traffic intensity describes the mean number of simultaneous call in progress. A.K. Erlang (1878-1929) was the pioneer of traffic theory, which he applied to studytelephone systems.
It is a study of queues. A typical example is one that may be found in banks. Customers arrive at intervals that are determined by some probability distribution function. There are then two possible queueing scenarios: one in which there is a single queue which feeds into several cashiers or a system where there are multiple queues: one for each cashier. When a customer reaches a cashier, it takes the cashier an amount of time to serve him or her. This time also has a probability distribution function - different from the one governing arrival times. The theory studies the optimum queueing scenario, time spent by customers in queues rather than being served, the optimum number of cashiers. The bank must find the best trade-off between the cost of employing more cashiers and the irritation of their customers.
probability theory
yes
Tomasz Rolski has written: 'Order relations in the set of probability distribution functions and their applications in queueing theory' -- subject(s): Distribution (Probability theory), Probabilities, Queuing theory
Queueing Theory Calculator is a simple, yet powerful tool to process queueing models calculations, Erlang formulas for queues.
I will rephrase your question, as to "What relationship does queueing theory and probability therory?" Queueing theory is the mathematical study of waiting lines See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queueing_theory Wait times, by their nature, are uncertain but can be represented by probability distributions. From a distribution, I may be able to tell that the chance of waiting more than 5 minutes for service is 10%, or that there is a 95% chance that my complete time in a facility (service time and wait time) is less than 15 minutes. On the other side, queueing theory may determine how often those responsible for service have no customers. The theory has broad applications, ranging from computer networks, telephony systems, delivery of goods and services (such as mail, home repair, etc) to an area and customer service in any location where people might stand in line. Traffic analysis uses queueing theory extensively. The "forward" analyses begins with an assumed probability distribution. Given probability distributions that are thought to describe certain activities (number of customers arriving in a particular time span, time spent with each customer and special events -frequency of events and time spent on special events), the distribution of waiting times can be determined mathematically. Thus, probability theory provides the basis (distribution and mathematical theory) for queueing applications. Today, more complex queueing problems are solved by Monte-Carlo simulation, which after thousands (or hundreds of thousands) of repeated runs, can provide nearly the same accuracy of statistics and distributions as those generated from purely mathematical solution. More broadly, queueing modeling and theoretical solutions are within stochastic process analysis.
Try to understand the subject. If in doubt ask someone to explain. Study the topics and try out plenty of past examination papers.
Aleksandr Alekseevich Borovkov has written: 'Ergodicity and stability of stochastic processes' -- subject(s): Ergodic theory, Stability, Stochastic processes 'Mathematical statistics' -- subject(s): Mathematical statistics 'Advances in Probability Theory' 'Probability theory' -- subject(s): Probabilities 'Veroyatnostnye protsessy v teorii massovogo obsluzhivaniya' 'Asymptotic methods in queueing theory' -- subject(s): Queuing theory
Zvi Rosberg has written: 'Queueing networks under the class of stationary service policies' -- subject(s): Queuing theory 'Queueing networks under the class of stationary service policies' -- subject(s): Queuing theory 'Queueing networks under the class of stationary service policies' -- subject(s): Queuing theory 'Queueing networks under the class of stationary service policies' -- subject(s): Network analysis (Planning), Queuing theory
The Italian mathematician, Cardano, developed the basic concepts of probability in the 16th Century when he was studying games of chance. His ideas were further developed, in the next century by Pascal and Fermat.
Leonard Kleinrock has written: 'Broadband Networks for the 1990s' 'Communication Nets' -- subject(s): Telecommunication 'Queueing Systems, Computer Applications, Solution Manual' 'Theory, Volume 1, Queueing Systems' -- subject(s): Queuing theory 'Communication nets; stochastic message flow and delay' -- subject(s): Statistical communication theory, Telecommunication 'Queueing systems.' -- subject(s): Accessible book
John N. Daigle has written: 'Queueing theory for telecommunications' -- subject(s): Computer networks, Queuing theory
All the time. Statistic is based on the application of probability theory!
Statistics is based on probability theory so each and every development in statistics used probability theory.