The reference for longitude ... the definition of 'zero' longitude ... is the Prime Meridian.
That imaginary line joins the north and south poles, and runs through Greenwich, a
suburb of London, UK.
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Latitude and Longitude
Latitude and Longitude are used to point to exactly where you want to be
Every point on earth has both a latitude coordinate and a longitude coordinate. That's how you tell people where the point is, even if they're not there.
meridians or lines of longitude
The lines of latitude provide vertical (north-south) coordinates on a map or globe. Lines of longitude provide horizontal (east-west) coordinates. The defined geographical point is where the latitude line intersects the longitude line.