A correlation
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A line graph is the most useful type of graph for showing the relationship between two numerical variables. A bar graph can also be used since these two types of graphs are straightforward and simple.
It allows a quick look at the data to establish whether or not there is any relationship between the variables and also an indication of the nature of the relationship: linear, quadratic, power etc.
Usually the expression is employed in the context of the relationship between a dependent variable and another variable. The latter may or may not be independent: often it is time but that is not necessary. In some cases there is some indication that that there is a linear relationship between the two variables and that relationship is referred to as a trend.Note that a trend is not the same as causation. There may appear to be a strong linear trend between two variables but the variables may not be directly related at all: they may both be related to a third variable. Also, the absence of linear trends does not imply that the variables are unrelated: there may be non-linear relationships.
A correlation coefficient of 0.15 indicates a weak positive relationship between the two variables. This means that as one variable increases, there is a slight tendency for the other variable to also increase, but the relationship is not strong or consistent. It suggests that other factors may be influencing the variables, and the correlation is not significant enough to imply a definitive link.
To give a quick visual impression of the relationship between two variables. Also to allow outliers to be spotted easily.