Definition: Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity as a function of time. It is vector. In calculus terms, acceleration is the second derivative of position with respect to time or, alternately, the first derivative of the velocity with respect to time.
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The scientific term for 'speeds up' is acceleration
mass*acceleration due to gravity.
deviation
It means how fast something changes, and is obtained by dividing some quantity by a unit of time. Examples of rates: Velocity is distance / time. Acceleration is velocity / time. Bandwidth is number of bits transferred / time.
The negative part in negative acceleration is indicating direction, as acceleration is a vector quantity. Speed however, is a scalar and has magnitude only and therefore cannot be negative. An example could be -2.6ms-2 meaning that there is an acceleration of 2.6ms-2 but in the opposite direction to other vectors.