A subscript.
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PROPER FRACTION
A dummy variable assumes a value of either 0 or 1. A categorical variable assumes one of a usually small number of values. For example, a categorical variable might assume the values 'F' or 'M' for female or male.
squared is simply written as a constant raised to the second power. For example, 3 to the second power=9. The way to write the power, or exponent, is by writing a superscript (small number in the uppper righthand corner of the number or variable) number 2.
The main difference in taking the samples is that for a variable sample, measurements of a characteristic of interest are taken, and for an attribute sample, one counts the number of units having or not having specific properties (mostly good/bad or number of flaws). Generally, attribute samples are much larger than variable samples and to be useful, need to be very large, when the proportion of bad units (or flaws) is very small.
193 means 19x19x19 and is equal to 685. It is commonly called a cubed number