Ordinal.
The answer depends on what the experiment is about. For example, if you believe (or want to test) that pupils' scores in English tests depend on their scores in maths tests, then the independent variable is the maths score. But if you believe that the English scores influence their maths scores then the independent variable is the maths score.
reporcoal
A negative correlation
In research and experiments, an independent variable is the factor that is manipulated or changed to observe its effect on another variable. The dependent variable is the outcome or response that is measured to assess the impact of the independent variable. Essentially, the independent variable is presumed to cause changes in the dependent variable. For example, in a study examining the effect of study time (independent variable) on test scores (dependent variable), the amount of study time is what the researcher alters to see how it affects scores.
A dependent variable is the outcome or response that researchers measure in an experiment to assess the effect of independent variables. It is what is influenced or changed when the independent variable is manipulated. For example, in a study examining the impact of study hours on exam scores, the exam scores would be the dependent variable. Researchers analyze changes in this variable to draw conclusions about the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
The answer depends on what the experiment is about. For example, if you believe (or want to test) that pupils' scores in English tests depend on their scores in maths tests, then the independent variable is the maths score. But if you believe that the English scores influence their maths scores then the independent variable is the maths score.
Factor analysis is typically used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie people's intelligence scores. This statistical technique helps to determine patterns among a set of variables (in this case, performance on different intelligence tests) and group them into distinct factors that represent underlying dimensions of intelligence.
reporcoal
reporcoal
A negative correlation
In research and experiments, an independent variable is the factor that is manipulated or changed to observe its effect on another variable. The dependent variable is the outcome or response that is measured to assess the impact of the independent variable. Essentially, the independent variable is presumed to cause changes in the dependent variable. For example, in a study examining the effect of study time (independent variable) on test scores (dependent variable), the amount of study time is what the researcher alters to see how it affects scores.
A dependent variable is the outcome or response that researchers measure in an experiment to assess the effect of an independent variable. It is called "dependent" because its value depends on changes made to the independent variable. For example, in a study examining how study time affects test scores, the test scores would be the dependent variable. Understanding the dependent variable is crucial for analyzing the results and drawing conclusions from an experiment.
Independent variable: studying with music Dependent variable: students' test scores
A dependent variable is the outcome or response that researchers measure in an experiment to assess the effect of independent variables. It is what is influenced or changed when the independent variable is manipulated. For example, in a study examining the impact of study hours on exam scores, the exam scores would be the dependent variable. Researchers analyze changes in this variable to draw conclusions about the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
A hypothetical variable is a concept or construct that is not directly observable or measurable but is used in research and theory to explain phenomena or predict outcomes. It is often derived from theoretical frameworks and can represent traits, behaviors, or conditions that researchers aim to study. For example, intelligence or motivation can be considered hypothetical variables, as they can be inferred from behaviors or test scores rather than directly measured.
A variable is considered independent when it is manipulated or controlled in an experiment to observe its effect on another variable, which is deemed dependent. For example, in a study examining the effect of study hours (independent variable) on test scores (dependent variable), the number of hours studied is altered to see how it influences the test outcomes.
IQ scores are typically considered discrete because they are reported as whole numbers, often ranging from around 40 to 160 in standard testing. While the underlying intelligence being measured can be seen as a continuous trait, the scoring system used in IQ tests categorizes this trait into distinct values. Therefore, while the concept of intelligence may vary continuously, the presentation of IQ scores is inherently discrete.