A triple beam balance
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No it is used to measure pressure
To measure weight, a scale. To measure mass, a balance.
A balanced scale, which compares the mass of one object with that of another.
The answer will depend on the object that you wish to measure. For example, a balance and some standard masses (wrongly called weights) will be OK for measuring the mass of a few apples but not much use for the mass of an elephant and totally useless for the mass of the sun! In the latter case, the tools are spectroscopy and computers, with physics and mathematics as intellectual tools.
A carat is used to measure mass, the amount of matter an item contains, and is used to measure gemstones. A metric carat is equal to 200mg.