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Slope = (vertical change)/(horizontal change), commonly referred to as rise/run. If the graph is a straight line, then you can count squares or measure how much change in vertical, over a specified change in horizontal. If it is a curve, then you need to have a tangent line (a line that touches the curve at a specific point and has the same slope as the line), then you can determine the slope of that line using the method described, above.
In an xy-graph, also known as the cartesian coordinate plane, the x-axis is the horizontal line, and the y-axis is the vertical line. The x-axis is often associated with distance, time, velocity, acceleration, newtonian forces, and hundreds of other metrics.
taking readings using theodolite keeping the vertical circle of the instrument on left side of the observer is called a face left observation and to measure horizontal angle the instrument is rotated(swing) in horizontal plane with respect to the vertical axis in a clockwise direction called rigt swing.
We usually denote the slope of a line as M. Horizontal lines have a slope of zero. Mhorizontal line = 0 Verticle lines have a slope that is undefined. Note that the slope is not infinite, but is undefined. Mvertical line = undefined To write the equation of a horizontal or vertical line, we need to know if it's going to be a slope-intercept form or a point-slope form.
It was the French mathematician Rene Descartes who created coordinated geometry using an horizontal x axis and a vertical y axis that are perpendicular to each other