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They are proportional if a change in one of the quantities always and necessarily results in a proportional change in the other.

So if you think of a simple equation, x = 2y then the quantities are proportional. If you double y then x is necessarily also doubled. If you triple y then x is also tripled. If you halve y then x is halved and so forth.

However x = 2y + 1 is non proportional. This is because if, for example, you double y then x is increased but it is not exactly doubled and so the change is not in proportion. For example, in this equation, when y = 2 then x = 5. When y = 4 then x = 9. 9 is not the double of 5.

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Q: What makes two quantities porportional?
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