Glucose, fructose and galactose, they are known as monosaccharides and are the only carbohydrates that can be absorbed into the bloodstream through the lining of your intestines. Lactose, sucrose and maltose are disaccharides (they contain two monosaccharides) and are easily converted to their monosaccharide bases in the digestive tract.:):):):)
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The terms mono, di, and poly refer to the number of sugar units in carbohydrate molecules. Monosaccharides (mono) consist of single sugar units, such as glucose and fructose. Disaccharides (di) are formed by two monosaccharides linked together, like sucrose and lactose. Polysaccharides (poly) are complex carbohydrates made up of many monosaccharide units, such as starch and glycogen, highlighting the structural and functional diversity of sugars in biology.
A calf that was just born
Condensation
The monosaccharides galactose and glucose, when bonded together through a condensation reaction, form the disaccharide lactose.
Lactase catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose into glucose and galactose. This process can be represented by the following word equation: Lactose + Water → Glucose + Galactose.
Condensation
Glucose and galactose react to form lactose, a disaccharide composed of one glucose molecule and one galactose molecule, along with a molecule of water. This reaction is a condensation reaction, where a water molecule is removed to form the new compound lactose.
Lactose is composed of two monosaccharides: glucose and galactose.
Lactose is the disaccharide produced by combining glucose and galactose.
The chemical equation for the breakdown of lactose by lactase is: C12H22O11 (lactose) + H2O → C6H12O6 (glucose) + C6H12O6 (galactose). Lactase is the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction, breaking down lactose into its constituent monosaccharides, glucose, and galactose. This process is essential for the digestion of lactose in individuals who are lactose intolerant.
The principle behind lactose extraction from milk is enzymatic hydrolysis. The enzyme lactase is added to milk, which breaks down lactose into its constituent sugars, glucose and galactose. The chemical reaction can be represented as: Lactose + Water → Glucose + Galactose
Glucose, galactose
The conversion of lactose to glucose is a hydrolytic reaction because it involves breaking a bond in lactose using a water molecule. This results in the separation of lactose into its constituent parts, glucose and galactose, through the addition of a water molecule in the process.
Glucose and Galactose make up lactose Glucose and fructose make up sucrose Glucose and glucose make maltose