A pair of quadrilaterals, of any kind, will be similar if their sides are in some constant ratio - other than 1 - and their angles are the same.
No. You can have two triangles that are congruent to one another, and two quadrilaterals that are congruent to one another. But the triangle cannot be similar to the quadrilateral!
No. Consider a square and rectangle.
A trapezoid
square and a rectangle
A parallelogram (and all its special cases) has two pairs of opposite sides that are congruent. An isosceles trapezium has one pair of congruent opposite sides. Selected irregular quadrilaterals can have a pair.
No. You can have two triangles that are congruent to one another, and two quadrilaterals that are congruent to one another. But the triangle cannot be similar to the quadrilateral!
No. Consider a square and rectangle.
Yes they will have the same angles but with proportional different lengths
quadrilaterals are consecutive and opposite angles always congruent?
There is no specific name for them.
There are 16 non-congruent quadrilaterals on a 3x3 geoboard.
square
Rectangles
Not generally.
Trapezoid?
Rectangles have all angles congruent,
Most quadrilaterals do not.