The only relationship is that they are both numbers.
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Suppose a is rational (and non-zero) and x is irrational. Suppose ax is rational;write ax = b where b is rational.Then x = b/a, and x would be rational, contradiction.
This is a rational number because it terminates at the 4th 3. If it was 0.3 recurring then it would be irrational.
The rational numbers form a field. In particular, the sum or difference of two rational numbers is rational. (This is easy to check directly). Suppose now that a + b = c, with a rational and c rational. Since b = c - a, it would have to be rational too. Thus you can't ever have a rational plus an irrational equalling a rational.
How would you do that ?? You'd have to change the value of the number. As long as the irrational number keeps its original value, it's an irrational number.
A rational number is any number that does not have an infinite number of digits. So, as you wrote it, 2.8333333 is a rational number. However, if you meant the 3s to go on forever (as in the number 2.8 + 1/30), that would be an irrational number.