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The standard error is calculated by dividing the actual volume by the experimental volume. This is a common technique used in the laboratory.
It is Z, except that the font used is not one of the standard ones.
Pi as a symbol was first used by the English mathematician William Jones. In 1706 he wrote that 3.14159=Euler, in 1737, used this symbol and it became the worlds standard symbol for pi after that.
The parameters of the underlying distribution, plus the standard error of observation.
Yes, in statistics, the epsilon symbol is used for maximum allowable error. http://www.liaad.up.pt/~jgama/IWKDDS/Papers/p14.pdf