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A ruler or tape measure.
depends on what item you are measuring
The answer depends on what characteristic the tool is used to measure.
You need different tools these measurements. For mass you want a scale or balance. You can only use the same tool for length and volume (a ruler, caliper or similar) if the object you are measuring is a well defined solid with known geometric shape. Otherwise you will have to perform a measuring experiment for example put the object you want to determine the volume of in a graduated cylinder, pour a known volume of liquid into the cylinder, read the volume and subtract to determine the object's volume.
A protractor.