That depends upon whom you ask, as there is some degree of controversy around Likert scales. Many people, myself included, would consider it interval data, and it is usually interpreted that way. However, there is another school of thought that says that Likert data is ordinal at best. Both sides of the debate have valid points, and this question hasn't been settled.
Guttman scale is a one way street. Meaning it only has positive values. common example are distance (cm/m/km) or weight (mg/g/kg)Likert scale is two way street. It has both positive and negative values. Commonly used are survey on perception. Hence a 5 Likert rating would give a 'rubric' ofStrongly Disagree (-2)Disagree (-1)Neutral (0)Agree (1)Strongly Agree (2)In the above example Likert possible rating is from -2 until +2
If you are considering a single ordinal variable, determining the mode or median would be meaningful, but the mean or SD would not. Many researchers do consider likert-scale data to possess only ordinal qualities. However, leading research studies, for example in the marketing area, obtain measures such as means and standard deviations from likert-scale data. Indeed leading textbooks also follow this approach. One concern has been that the 'distances' between points on a likert scale are not equal, for example the 'distance' or 'difference' between a strongly disagree and disagree is not the same as the difference between disagree and neutral. A recent study discusses these issues, as well as demonstrating that data obtained from 5-point, 7-point and 10-point likert scales are approximately comparable in terms of mean score (once re-scaled) and various measures of variation and data shape. The study reference is Dawes, John "Do Data Characteristics Change According to the Number of Scale Points Used ? An Experiment using 5-point, 7-point and 10-point Scales" International Journal of Market Research, Vol 50 2008.
The answer will depend on what the score is out of.
The highest score a composition can receive from a single grader typically depends on the scoring rubric used. For instance, in some educational settings, a composition might be graded on a scale of 1 to 10 or 1 to 6, with the highest possible score reflecting a perfect or exemplary performance. Therefore, the maximum score would be the top value of that specific scale. It's essential to refer to the guidelines of the particular grading system to determine the exact highest score.
It is above average for a human. Average would be 90-110.
A likert scale is basically questions with many choices for the answer. Answers for agreement include strongly agree, agree, undecided, disagree, or strongly disagree. For frequency examples of answer choices would be very frequently, frequently, occasionally, rarely, very rarely, or never.
Guttman scale is a one way street. Meaning it only has positive values. common example are distance (cm/m/km) or weight (mg/g/kg)Likert scale is two way street. It has both positive and negative values. Commonly used are survey on perception. Hence a 5 Likert rating would give a 'rubric' ofStrongly Disagree (-2)Disagree (-1)Neutral (0)Agree (1)Strongly Agree (2)In the above example Likert possible rating is from -2 until +2
If you are considering a single ordinal variable, determining the mode or median would be meaningful, but the mean or SD would not. Many researchers do consider likert-scale data to possess only ordinal qualities. However, leading research studies, for example in the marketing area, obtain measures such as means and standard deviations from likert-scale data. Indeed leading textbooks also follow this approach. One concern has been that the 'distances' between points on a likert scale are not equal, for example the 'distance' or 'difference' between a strongly disagree and disagree is not the same as the difference between disagree and neutral. A recent study discusses these issues, as well as demonstrating that data obtained from 5-point, 7-point and 10-point likert scales are approximately comparable in terms of mean score (once re-scaled) and various measures of variation and data shape. The study reference is Dawes, John "Do Data Characteristics Change According to the Number of Scale Points Used ? An Experiment using 5-point, 7-point and 10-point Scales" International Journal of Market Research, Vol 50 2008.
To convert a 74.79 average to a 4.0 scale, you can use the formula: (score - minimum passing score) / (maximum score - minimum passing score) * 4. Assuming a typical grading scale where the minimum passing score is 60 and the maximum is 100, the calculation would be: (74.79 - 60) / (100 - 60) * 4, which results in approximately 2.89. Therefore, a 74.79 average equates to about a 2.89 on a 4.0 scale.
how you would use the scale in miles to estimate to total area of Madagascar
The answer will depend on what the score is out of.
To convert a score from a 7-point scale to a 10-point scale, you can use the formula: ( \text{New Score} = \left( \frac{\text{Old Score} - 1}{6} \right) \times 9 + 1 ). This formula first normalizes the 7-point score to a 0-1 range, then scales it to a 0-9 range, and finally shifts it to a 1-10 range. For example, a score of 4 on the 7-point scale would convert to approximately 6.5 on the 10-point scale.
Total percentage score would be 62 %
A score is 20 years, therefore 4 score and 7 would total 87 years
A score is equal to 20 units, so 5 scores would be 100 units in total.
The formula for calculating the mean percentage score is to first add up all individual scores, then divide the total by the number of scores. This will give you the mean score. To convert the mean score to a percentage, you would then divide the mean score by the total possible score and multiply by 100. This will give you the mean percentage score.
A pH that is less than 7 is an acid, so 4 pH would be an acid.