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The rf value is shorthand for the retention value of a substance. It is used in chromatography to determine the components of an unknown sample.
T score is usually used when the sample size is below 30 and/or when the population standard deviation is unknown.
the t distributions take into account the variability of the sample standard deviations. I think that it is now common to use the t distribution when the population standard deviation is unknown, regardless of the sample size.
In statistics, pi represents the population proportion of successes. Using p, the sample proportion of successes, inferences can be made about pi, although it is usually unknown.
a sample is a sample sized piece given... a sample size is the amount given in one sample