Random errors - Random errors can be evaluated through statistical analysis and can be reduced by averaging over a large number of observations. Systematic errors - Systematic errors are difficult to detect and cannot be analyzed statistically, because all of the data is off in the same direction (either to high or too low). Spotting and correcting for systematic error takes a lot of care.
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Bias is systematic error. Random error is not.
Systemic or precisely Systematic Error in a reading taken by an instrument occurs due to the parts installed in it. Random error occurs when we get a number of repetitive readings during the same experiment because of human error. Perfect example for random is "Parallax Method".
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Some of the reasons are: Systematic measurement errors. Random measurement errors. Poor use of equipment. Recording errors. Calculation errors. Poor plotting. Wrong model.
A random process is a sequence of random variables defined over a period of time.