When the triangle is obtuse.
It doesn't ever fall outside of a triangle.
A point outside the triangle may.
The orthocenter may fall outside of a triangle. The orthocenter usually lies within the inside the triangle. However this is only the case if the triangle is acute.
In an obtuse angled triangle, two of them will.
It will, if the triangle is obtuse.
When the triangle is obtuse.
both
orthocenter and circumcenter
No, both of them don't.
Its "incenter" will not fall outside the triangle, or outside the base of the triangle.
Every point in the plane outside the triangle can fall there!
No way! An easy example is the centroid and circumcenter of a right-angle triangle. Circumcenter will be exactly on the middle of the hypotenuse which obviously cannot be the centroid. Centroid is the point where all three lines are connecting all the three vertices and the middle of the line opposite the respective vertex. Circumcenter is the center of the circle passing through all the vertices. As it is known, a right-angle triangle will always fall within a semicircle, meaning the circle center will always be on the middle of the hypotenuse.
It doesn't ever fall outside of a triangle.
A point outside the triangle may.
The orthocenter may fall outside of a triangle. The orthocenter usually lies within the inside the triangle. However this is only the case if the triangle is acute.
An obtuse angled triangle.