When converting the mols measurement into atomic weight (or vice-versa). Since there are 6.02x10^26 atoms in a mol.
There are some keywords you can look for to determine whether or not you need to use Avogadro's number. Look for the keywords ions, molecules, moles (IF grams [g] to moles), and formula units in the question. If the question is asking for any of these terms or involves any of those terms, Avogadro's number will be necessary to use.
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atoms in 12 g of c-12
The unit is "per mole", or mol^-1.
Avogadro's number represents the number of units of a substance in one mole of the substance. These units may be electrons, atoms, ions, or molecules, depending on the substance.
A mole of any substance has the Avogadro's number of such units. As an example, a mole of hydrogen atoms is equivalent to 6.022 x 1023 atoms.
By saying Avogadro's number of atoms, you are saying one mole (or 6.02 × 1023 atoms). And one mole of any elements is its atomic mass. Phosphorus' atomic mass is 31.0 grams