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Virginia Apgar first invented the Apgar score in 1949 but then refined and finally published it in 1953.
apgar score
apgar score
An APGAR score is an evaluation of a baby condition at birth. It is judged in 5 categories (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace Activity, Respiration) from 0-2 points each. In the Appearance category a baby with pink color receives the maximum score of 2.
A score of 4, 5, or 6 requires immediate intervention, usually in the form of oxygen and respiratory assistance, or perhaps just suctioning if breathing has been obstructed by mucus.