It was invented in prehistoric times and has evolved as our understanding and needs developed.
From natural (counting) numbers to the set of integers, to rational numbers (fractions) to real numbers (incorporate Irrational Numbers), to complex numbers and then quaternions. The last of these, which even many mathematicians will not have come across in their work, were formally introduced to the world of mathematics by Hamilton in 1843.
The one we use today is mainly the Hindu-arabic one (they invented 0)
The Chinese number system was invented in the 4th centaury.
Of course, it was the Aztecs because they invented the number system
The Arabic system
The modern number system were first invented by a Muslim mathematician which later converted into current established digits and numbers. Also "Algebra" was invented by a Muslim mathematician Jaaber.
India
no
The Mayans based on the 20 number system because of 10 fingers and 10 toes. The Mayan number was very useful to the Mayans in the past. Today, they use the modern number system we use today.
Hindu Arabic numeral system was invented by Indian mathematicians.
i invented
in china
India