In general, graphs compare two variables. A scatter plot can compare a third variable because the quantity of dots gives additional information from just the two axes. A color coded scatter plot can give even more information because each colored dot can be distinct.
Adding more colors can ad more distinct categories.
Color coding any type of graph, such as pie chart, bar graph or multi-line two axis graphs can also represent more than two distinct categories.
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A bar graph
The line and the bar graph is used to describe a graph that compares two sets of data.
A graph that has space between possible data values is typically a bar graph representing discrete data. In this type of graph, each bar stands apart from others, indicating that the categories are distinct and not continuous. Examples include graphs showing the number of students in different grade levels or the number of votes for various candidates. The gaps emphasize that the data points are separate rather than part of a continuous range.
frequency table
Scatter plot