To work it out for yourself, you need to understand that a prime number is a number than can only be divided by 1 and itself.
18 can be divided by 2
39 can be divided by 3
42 can be divided by 2
which leaves 31 which can only be divided by 1 and 31.
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One solution is, 31 + (2 x 4) = 31 + 8 = 39 Another is, 42 - (1 x 3) = 42 - 3 = 39
31 37 41.
The factors of 39 are: 1 3 13 39 The prime factors are: 3 and 13
39% of 42 = 42*39/100 = 16.38
37 + 5 31 + 11