p Orbitals
These are the axes.
Yes., and their being along the coordinate axes does not change the answer.Consider the vectors: i, -i and j where i is the unit vector along the x axis and j along the y axis. The resultant of the three is j.
Vector A is parallel to the cross product of vectors B and C, and it is parallel to the axis that neither B or C lie along if the two other axes are defined as the axes that B and C lie along.
x2/a2 + y2/b2 = 1, is the equation of an ellipse with semi-major axes a and b (that's the equivalent of the radius, along the two different axes), centered in the origin.
p Orbitals
The eg orbitals are elongated and lie along the axes of a coordination complex, while the t2g orbitals are more spherical and lie between the axes.
A p orbital is the type of orbital with five positions on the axes: one along each of the x, y, and z axes, and two alternating along each pair of axes. The shape of a p orbital is typically dumbbell-shaped with lobes extending along the axes.
Subscripts such as y and xz in atomic orbitals indicate the orientation of the orbital in space. They correspond to the orientation of the lobes or regions of high electron density around the nucleus along different axes in three-dimensional space. The specific subscripts provide information about the spatial distribution and symmetry of the orbital.
There are a total of three p orbitals for an atom with principal quantum number n = 2: px, py, and pz. These orbitals are oriented along the x, y, and z axes.
The "p" subshell has a dumbbell shape. It consists of three orbitals (px, py, pz), each oriented along one of the three coordinate axes. The lobes of the dumbbell-shaped orbitals point in opposite directions.
P orbitals are dumbbell-shaped and have two lobes oriented along the perpendicular axes x, y, or z. The lobes have opposite phases resulting in a nodal plane within the orbital.
P orbitals at the same energy level have the same energy but differ in their spatial orientation. There are three p orbitals at each energy level (labeled as px, py, pz) that are oriented along the x, y, and z-axes, respectively. These orbitals have the same energy, but they have different spatial shapes and orientations.
There always three p orbitals in each energy level. They always have the same general shape, dumbbells pointing along the x, y, z axes. The difference is the "size" - 3p extend further than 2p
Hybridisation is a mathematical technique in valence bond theory used "create" new (higher energy) orbitals from base atomic orbitals so that the new orbitals point along bond axes. Valence bond theory as its name suggests focuses on the localised electron pair. Other bonding theories such as molecular orbital theory do not hybridise the base atomic orbitals. Both theories have their merits.
A tangent of the vector is the projection of a vector along the axes of a coordinate system.
Both the dxy and dx2-y2 orbitals belong to the d subshell and have four lobes. The main difference between them lies in their orientation in space. The dxy orbital lies in between the x and y axes, while the dx2-y2 orbital lies along the x and y axes.