Isaac newton and Göttfried Leibniz simultaneously and indepently created calculus as we know it and derivatives with it. (Late 17th century)
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it was never discovered,its like asking who discovered sex
Mathematics was not so much discovered as developed over time by many different sources and cultures.
Math was not invented by a single person. Different people discovered or invented different areas of mathematics.
Nobody has yet discovered the true value of pi in mathematics because it is an irrational number and its value is the circumference of any circle divided by its diameter is equal to pi which is impossible to work out.
The answer depends on the context. It could refer to an integer greater than 1 which is evenly divisible only by 1 and itself, or it could refer to a variation of a function - including derivatives.