The real numbers are made up of:
- natural numbers
- zero
- negative integers
- fractions (rational numbers)
- algebraic irrationals - like the square root of 2
- transcendental numbers - like pi
It's likely that natural numbers - counting numbers - were known before recorded history. The more unusual kinds of real numbers were gradually understood as mathematics developed. You can't say that any particular person "discovered" the real numbers.
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They were discovered by scientists
Yes, all natural numbers are real numbers. Natural numbers are a subset of real numbers, so not all real numbers are natural numbers.
All rational numbers are real numbers.
Complex numbers are a proper superset of real numbers. That is to say, real numbers are a proper subset of complex numbers.
Mathematics, including prime numbers, is discovered, not invented.Systems and methods we use are invented, but concepts of relationships between objects governed by logic, such as the prime numbers are discovered and named. As such, a more appropriate question might be "Who discovered prime numbers?"Many have discovered prime numbers; the first is unknown to mankind.