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In 1761, Joseph Lambert proved that pi was irrational by basically proving that the tangent of some number x could be expressed as a particular continued fraction as a function of x. He then went on to show that if x was rational, the continued fraction must be irrational, and since the tangent of pi/4 was 1 (i.e. rational), then pi/4 and thus pi itself must not be rational.

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Q: Who proved that pi was irrational and when?
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