THE EARLIEST KNOWN MEASUREMENTS WERE CALCULATED IN 200 BCE THE GREEK PHILOSOPHER ERATOSTHENES ACCORDING TO HIS CALCULATIONS THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF the earthWAS 39,600 KM....
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Eratosthenes lived between 276 and 194 B.C. He didn't discover prime numbers; he devised a simple way to determine what numbers are prime in a given range.
The Sieve of Eratosthenes filters numbers, letting the composites fall through while the primes remain.
Eratosthenes
In programming: They let you do generic calculations, with numbers that you don't know in advance. In algebra: They let you do calculations with unknown values - either generic calculations, or do calculations to find such unknown values in a specific case.
it is a brute force way to find all the primes in a given range. Remove all the composites, and you are left with the primes