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Rene Descartes 1596-1650, a Frenchman who spent most of his living days in the former Dutch Republic. Descartes who is also known as the Father of Modern Philosophy due to much of his work still heavily influencing philosophy today.
Rene Descartes famously believed that his most productive thinking occurred in the morning, so he often slept in to allow his mind to rest and rejuvenate before tackling complex philosophical problems. Descartes viewed sleep as a necessary part of the thinking process, allowing him to approach his work with a clear and focused mind. He believed that quality of thought was more important than quantity of time spent awake, thus justifying his habit of sleeping late.
Descartes' work has had a huge impact on the world. His mathematical theories have advanced the study and understanding of geometry greatly, allowing us to solve more complex problems. Additionally, his work as a philosopher provoked important questions about the universe and about humanity that have influenced modern philosophical thought so much that he is sometimes referred to as the father of modern philosophy.
Analytic geometry.
Although Descartes is generally credited with inventing analytical geometry, several aspects had been used by the Greek mathematicians Menaechmus (4th century BC) and Apollonius of Perga (3rd century BC). Much later (11th century), the Persian mathematician Omar Khayyam, used methods which modern mathematicians consider akin to analytical geometry. In 1637 Rene Descartes published his work on the topic but it was incomplete and was in French. It took another decade or so before it was translated into Latin and some of the gaps filled that Descartes' ideas took off.