Because on a globe, a great-circle route is the shortest route between two places.
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trigonometry is often used to calculate distances from certain locations
In navigation, by air and sea craft.
commonly used tessellation shapes
Usually for plotting a place on a map. Widely used in marine navigation.
When navigating math is most commonly used to calculate distance, speed, and time. It is possible to estimate time of arrival, if you know the distance and the speed you are traveling. It is possible to estimate how fast you are traveling, if you know the time and the distance. It is also possible to estimate how far you have gone, if you know your speed and your time.