They're labeled E (or W) to show that they're (E)ast or (W)est of the prime meridian (which is the line of longitude passing through Greenwich Observatory near London).
15 degrees East and 15 degrees West are the same distance from the prime meridian, but in opposite directions.
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meridians or lines of longitude
longitude
Lines of Longitude meet/intersect at the North & South Poles ONLY.
The longitude lines cover the vertical side of the earth and the latitude lines cover the horizontal side. This gives you map coordination's.
In order to answer that question, I'd really have to see your globe, to know what things are labeled 'A' and 'B' . You did say that they're "lines", so I could guess that they're steamship lines, lines of constant latitude or longitude, international air routes, contours of constant elevation, etc. But there's no way to know without seeing them.