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This is to aid the reading of the number and putting it into words. When looking at the place-value table the columns starting from the one before the decimal point and moving left are labelled: Ones (or Units), tens, hundreds, thousands, ten-thousands, hundred-thousands, millions, ten-millions, hundred-millions, and so on.

If you look at these labels you will see that they are in sets of three:

Ones, tens, hundreds;

Thousands, ten-thousands, hundred-thousands

Millions, ten-millions, hundred-millions

etc.

An in each set of three there is: Units, Tens Hundreds, The Units is used as a "multiplier" for the group of three: (Units, tens, hundreds) times One; (Units, tens, hundreds) times thousand; (Units, ten, hundreds) times million, and so on.

Writing large numbers in groups of three helps the reading as each group is read as however many hundreds, how ever many tens and however many units and then followed by the "multiplier" of Ones, Thousands, Millions, etc (though for Ones the multiplier isn't said as ones, but omitted). Commas are use to "keep" the number together; spaces can be used but it might be considered as more than one number. When the coma is used as a decimal comma (like on mainland Europe) a full stop is used to separate the groups of three.

Thus, to read 123,456,789 becomes easy; it is 123 millions, 456 thousands, 789 which in words is one hundred and twenty three million, four hundred and fifty six, seven hundred and eighty nine. The commas of the digit form being put in the word form help to insert little pauses between each group and make it easier to read (by allowing time for a breath and the eyes to scan forward for the next phrase of the number).

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