Things (with mass) cannot be accelerated to the speed of light (or beyond) under any circumstances. That's because as an object is accelerated and its velocity approaches that of light, the energy used to increase its velocity is converted into mass. The more energy that is added to the object in an attempt to push it to the speed of light, the more mass it gains. "Mass gain" prevents further acceleration of the object and precludes it ever reaching the speed of light. Einstein's special theory of relativity states that an infinite amount of energy would be required to accelerate beyond the speed of light (c) because the object would be infinitly large. However gravity drives (warp drive) and wormholes would provide the means to travel faster that light by using spacial distortion.
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The speed of light is not limited in a vacuum - the speed of light is fastest in a vacuum. But that is what Einstein called the "Cosmic Speed Limit" - nothing can move faster than the speed of light in a vacuum, or even quite asfast.
About 2/3 its speed in a vacuum.
The speed of light is 186,000 miles per second in a vacuum.
A "fact" is basically anything you can state, especially if such a statement is true. Since you can say "light has a speed", and since that is true, it follows that it's a fact. Light through a "vacuum" is the meaning of "the speed of light." Light through glass is slower.
In a vacuum the speed of red and blue light are the same as all light, 300,000,000m/s. Their frequency and wavelength will be different but the speed remains the same.