An example of bias: Taking a survey about who likes music and who does not, while standing by the door of a CD store. This is biased because if you are by a music store, most of the people there that you survey will like music. The results will not be completely random, so they will not accurately show what that percentage of the population really thinks about music.
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It just doesn't give the correct result. Try some sample numbers, to verify that it doesn't provide the correct result.
Generally, yes, because the averaging removes the effects of random errors in the measurements. However if your measurement technique has biases, these will not be removed through averaging and the averaged result will be biased.
In order to determine the sample space, an actual description of the problem is needed. A number doesn't give the required information.
The Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of a sample is the amount of dissolved oxygen required by aerobic microorganisms to breakdown organic matter in the sample.The test is simple:Measure the Dissolved Oxygen content of the sample (a)Place in a sealed darkened bottleIncubate for 5 days at 20'CMeasure the Dissolved Oxygen content of the incubated sample (b)Generally you're using this test to analyse contaminated water, so you'll want to dilute it first - it may be that aren't enough aerobic microorganisms present to give you a measurable result, in which case you'll need to inoculate the sample with a suitable culture.The BOD of the sample = a - bBOD is expressed in mg O2/L of sample.Extra CreditGenerally you're using this test to analyse contaminated water, so you'll want to dilute it first - it may be that aren't enough aerobic microorganisms present to give you a measurable result, in which case you'll need to inoculate the sample with a suitable culture.The BOD of a diluted innoculated sample = ((a - b) - BOD of inoculated culture) * dilution factor
1/2 1/4 1/3