Conditional probabilities arise when you revise the probabilities previously attached to some events in order to take new information into account. The revised probabilities are 'conditional on the new information you have received'.
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May - or may not - be a conditional probability. A conditional probability is not becessarily chronologically structured.
The conditional probability is 1/4.
They are both measures of probability.
If the events are independent then you can multiply the individual probabilities. But if they are not, you have to use conditional probabilities.
It is the integral (or sum) of the joint probability distribution function of the two events, integrated over the domain in which the condition is met.