It is simple statistics. It would be almost impossible to survey an entire population, so they apply a simple random sample in which each person in the population receives a numerical value (001 - 999 for example). Then they use a random number generator on a calculator or use a random digit table to choose an appropriate amount of people to be sampled. It is more cost effective and easier to do it this way, yet still represents the population fairly accurately.
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statistical data renders valuable assistance in the proper understanding of economic problems and formulation of economic policies. Most economic problems involve facts which can be expressed numerically for example, volume of trade, wages, prices, tax, etc. In economics, the increasing importance of statistics in the study of economic problems has resulted in a new branch of study called econometric.
Statistics, as well as statistical analysis, is key to the field of social sciences. Social scientists study the attitudes of groups of people, and this is often through the use of focus groups, questionnaires, and polls. These studies results in statistics, qualitative as well as quantitative.
All the natural sciences. Engineers have their own notation. Mathematicians like exact values, or decimals. Social scientists are afraid of math!
Social problems expand to meet the number of social workers in post?
The Social Gospel movement is the intersection of religion and social service. It applies Christian principles to social justice issues, including poverty, inequality, crime, racism, and destruction of the environment.