Each circle is actually the radius around a reporting station. To find an earthquake's epicenter, you need at least three reporting stations. The radius around each station should meet at one point, the epicenter. This point should be about the size of a town, depending on how close or far the reporting stations are. With any less than three reporting stations, the exact point of the epicenter may not be located.
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The outer circles show the difference between the two sides. The center where they join are the area they are the same. This is a great graphic way to show comparison of two things or ideas.
You need only know the radius of each circle to determine that they are congruent. If the radii are identical, the circles are identical. This can also be determined by comparing the diameters (twice the radii), or the circumferences, or the areas of the circles. In all cases, if the parameters are identical, the circles are identical.
Kind of hard to show in here but... Use five circles to form a regular pentagon, then place the other five circles outside the pentagon - so that each is the point of a triangle (with the other points of the triangle formed by the points of the pentagon.
Venn diagram
venn diagram