It is mainly because humans have ten digits: fingers and thumbs. As a result, from prehistoric times, one of our counting bases has been ten.
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It was a combination of civilisations. We use the Indo-Arabic system.
Not in the way we that would use a decimal point today. But they did use points to signify fractions of 12.
decimal system
No. It uses ten digits and the decimal point: eleven symbols in all.
Melvil Dewey created the Dewey Decimal system. It is a classification system used by libraries, and not what is meant in the question. The decimal number system is the number system that we all use on a daily basis; it was invented by a succession of Arab and Hindu mathematicians beginning about 1400 years ago.