The question is based on nonsense. The star NML Cygni has a radius that is 1650 times the radius of our sun. Its volume would, therefore, be nearly 4.5 billion times that of the sun, somewhat more than 100 times!
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The word 'be' is found 7012 times in the King James Version (KJV). Likewise, other articles (am, are, been, being, was, were, will, etc.) are found in large numbers through every book of the Bible.
If a hypothesis has been tested many times (using approved experimental methods), and each test has proven the hypothesis to be true, the hypothesis can be taken to be a fact, or truth.
So far, no odd perfect numbers have been found to exist. If and only if one does exist, it will be far larger than the number in the question. In fact, it has been proven concretely that if an odd perfect number exists, it is greater than 10^300, and it is conjectured that if such a number exists, it is greater than 10^500.
Yes, throughout history, there has never been a time when two civilisations were exactly equal. So one of them must have been greater than the other.
Both the planet Mercury and the substance (element) mercury have been known since ancient times. When either was first noticed is not known.