Decision makers desire a degree of certainty in their future in order to make decisions about investment and other expenditure. Interest rate volatility precludes such a scenario.
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Annual Interest Rate divided by 12= Monthly Interest Rate
Calculating Interest: Principal, Rate and Time are Known--I= p r t http://www.calculator.net/interest-rate-calculator.html The level of interest rates in a free market economy are primarily determined by the rate of inflation, the demand for money, and the actions of the Federal Reserve. Lenders of money will generally demand what is known as a nominal interest rate which is equal to a real interest rate plus a premium to cover the inflation rate. The real, or inflation adjusted interest rate, is the percentage rate of return to a lender as measured by an increase in purchasing power. Yale professor Irving Fisher's economic theory of interest rates laid the conceptual groundwork for establishing that the nominal interest rate equals the real interest rate plus the anticipated rate of inflation. Fisher's mathematical equations in his theory of interest rates are supported by empirical data. A comparison of comparable maturity U.S. Treasury securities, one of which has a fixed rate and the other an inflation adjusted rate, shows that the nominal interest rate always exceeds the real interest rate. A consumer, whether a borrower or a saver, will generally be quoted a nominal interest rate by a bank on a loan or a savings account.
The answer for rate in simple interest is =rate= simple interest\principle*time
Corresponding compounding is the interest rate on loan or the financial product restated from nominal interest rate as an interest rate with an annual compound interest.
I = prt <-- formula for simple interest, but the rate must be the monthly rate for your problem. Per month means one month (time, t) 4% = 0.04 is an anual interest rate .... monthly rate (r) = 0.04/12 so... I = 40,000 x 0.04/12 x 1 --- multiply and divide to get the answer. Another way: find anual interest, then divide by 12 for monthly interest.