It is based on ten digits and the concept of place value.
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The system of measurement based on the kilogram and the meter is the "metric system" also called the "International System of Units" or SI. This can also be called M.K.S System.
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They originated from the Indian subcontinent where the concept of a zero figure was conceived. The Arabs through trading links with India soon took on board the Indian system of counting. In turn through trading links with the Arabs the Europeans via Spain also took on this system of counting which gradually super-ceded the Roman numeral system that the Europeans had been using since the days of the Roman Empire. The Europeans called this new system as counting in Arabic numerals.
India itself uses the Indian place value system. However, countries that were once part of the Indian subcontinent, such as Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, also use the Indian place value system. Additionally, some Southeast Asian countries, including Indonesia, Malaysia, and Cambodia, adopted the Indian place value system through cultural interactions with India in the past.