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If you join them together it will make a compound word

It is that way in English. We have a separate word for two of the two digit numbers, eleven and twelve. In most other languages, there are words which translate out to "ten and one" and 'ten and two". Otherwise, the word is "teen" meaning "ten" for all the other "ten" words which follow the sequence.

According to the dictionary, the two words that English uses has German roots...which are exactly what you have stated. "ten with one left over", and "ten with two left over". So the words in English have roots in old German that state the mathematical decimal formula.

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Q: Why is eleven called so and not ten and one?
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