If you join them together it will make a compound word
It is that way in English. We have a separate word for two of the two digit numbers, eleven and twelve. In most other languages, there are words which translate out to "ten and one" and 'ten and two". Otherwise, the word is "teen" meaning "ten" for all the other "ten" words which follow the sequence.
According to the dictionary, the two words that English uses has German roots...which are exactly what you have stated. "ten with one left over", and "ten with two left over". So the words in English have roots in old German that state the mathematical decimal formula.
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There are four 0s in ten thousand, seven in a crore so eleven in ten thousand crore. That would make it a hundred billion.
Because the words we use are derived from a time when people used base twelve rather than base ten. Also the reason for "dozen" & "gross". It goes back about 500 years or so.
Oh, dude, writing numbers is like, so easy. So, for eleven and eighty-one hundredths, you just write it as 11.81. Like, no big deal, right? It's just eleven point eighty-one. Easy peasy!
I = one, II = two, III = three, IV = four, V = five, VI = six, VII = seven, VIII = eight, IX = nine, X = ten, XI = eleven and so on :)
Because life is based around the number twelve, eleven actually means one before twelve, but because humans have ten digits we chose to base it around ten. Look around you and everything, time and so on, is based on the number twelve and it is subtly hidden inside our language.