Presumably you collect data to show some correlation or limits. If you don't check the data you use is valid then any result you get from processing it is suspect.
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garbage on garbage out data has been skewed knowingly to obtain the correct statistical results to validate a study
census is conducted for group data so if it is a sampling data is taken it would lead to lot of non sampling errors
It is better to validate the data going into the database for errors rather then data coming out. The data to be retrieved can be done using the $_REQUEST or mysql_fetch_array or PDO statements. I am giving 2 simple examplesIf you want a particular data that can be obtained by using the where clause
Absolutely not. Anyone can post say or do almost anything. If anything it is the exact Opposite. You must all ways validate sources and common sense on anything you hear read or watch.
It depends on the data. The standard deviation takes account of each value, therefore it is necessary to know the values to find the sd.