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Then range equals the top number. Makes life simpler!
Numerator on top; denominator on the bottom.
I don't think you can cut a square 6 ways, but I know you can cut it 4 ways.First you can cut it from left to right, then top to bottom,then from the top right corner to the bottom left corner, and then the top left corner to the bottom right corner.
the top adds what the bottom adds. the top subtracts what the bottom subtracts. the top divides what the bottom divides. the top multiplies what the bottom multiplies.
bottom
There is more chlorophyll in the top of the leaf than there is on the bottom
The bottom of a leaf is called the abaxial surface. It is typically lighter in color than the top of the leaf and may have different characteristics, such as more stomata for gas exchange.
The answer is no, because, on the top of a leaf there is the, cuticle, then the upper epidermis cells underneath, which you can see these, because you can see a sort of jigzaw pattern on the top of the leaf. but on the bottom of a leaf there are tiny, guard cells, a guard cell is a cell that lets in carbon dioxide to the leaf, but only on the bottom of the leaf. if you have ever wondered why a leaf is greener on the top, than the bottom of a leaf, is because, sunlight can easily reach the top of a leaf, this is called photosynthesis, but on the bottom of a leaf, it only gets sunlight from refections from the ground, because the bottom of the leaf does not have any visible contact with the sun.
the bottom will have more chlorophyll
The cuticle in a leaf is the waxy covering on top and bottom of the leaf. It is used to conserve water.
The top part of the leaf has more chlorophyll than the bottom.
The top layer of the leaf is called the epidermis, which contains the outermost protective layer of cells. The bottom layer is typically the lower epidermis, which contains stomata for gas exchange and specialized cells for support.
Using their stomata normally located under the leaf, but since the bottom of the lily pad's leaf is submerged in water, the stomata are on the top of the leaf.
Most stomatas are found on the bottom of a leaf, a few can be found on the top depending on the plant variety
Stomata are located on the top surface of xerophyte leaves to minimize water loss by reducing exposure to direct sunlight and wind. Placing stomata on the top surface helps create a more humid microenvironment around the stomata, reducing water loss through transpiration. This adaptation is crucial for xerophytes living in dry environments with limited water availability.
This difference in color is typically due to varying levels of chlorophyll, the pigment responsible for photosynthesis, in each side of the leaf. The side that receives more sunlight tends to have higher amounts of chlorophyll, appearing darker green, while the shaded side has less chlorophyll, giving it a lighter green color.
Generally speaking, the top surface as it is covered with a waxy cuticle, the bottom of leaves normally have vein protusions, hairs and stomatic openings