It would not be much use to most people if they announced that tomorrow the temperature would range between 327 and 983 degrees thermiunits, with winds of 35 whooshes per timebit. Also there would be around 25 deepnesses of rain during some time between 3 and 26 timebits.
Not only is it important that they can communicate with the public at large, it is also important that they can communicate efficiently with colleagues in other countries. As weather forecasting models become more sophisticated they often rely on data from a large area - parts of which may lie in other countries.
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Standard conversion factors are available and published and you use these to convert units from one to the other
Standard units provide a universal way for everyone to understand the qualitative value of a number. If everyone decided to use different units, there would be no practical way to share information with other people.
You can invent any number of nonstandard units, but none of them is "best". It is best to use standard units, that is, the meter.
T-score is used when you don't have the population standard deviation and must use the sample standard deviation as a substitute.
Yes you could. Look at metric and imperial measurement units, consider Roman units and the unit used by the Chinese empire as alternative units of measurement.