Ranking of data allows calculation of ranges and percentiles. Quick estimation of correlation coefficient is possible (Spearman's method). Certain graphical displays of data, such as box and whiskers plots use percentiles.
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It means the position [of an observation] in an ordered data set.
rank
rank or ranking
Use =PERCENTILE(range,0.85) where range is the data that you want to analyse.
Yes. In the field of "ordered statistics" it makes no difference if data is ranked smallest to highest or vice-versa, but the convention is to consider rank = 1 the smallest value and rank = m the largest value of m values.