Simply put,
1. If I had enough information about 2 of 3 things that are related I could find the third unknown. I would use algebra.
2. If I wanted to know how most things (e.g. temperature, velocity of a car, growth of bacteria) changed with time (what are they at beginning of time, during motion of time, at the ending of the time period) I would only find the answers using calculus. Integral calculus is the technique that would describe these changes according to the length of the interval that some event is happening.
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the example and solution of integral calculus
Just about all of calculus is based on differential and integral calculus, including Calculus 1! However, Calculus 1 is more likely to cover differential calculus, with integral calculus soon after. So there really isn't a right answer for this question.
Gottfried Leibniz is called the father of integral calculus.
Integral calculus was invented in the 17th century with the independent discovery of the fundamental theorem of calculus by Newton and Leibniz.
The link has the answer to your question. http://www.sosmath.com/calculus/integ/integ03/integ03.html