If Y=10 when X=5 then when Y=20 (10 * 2) X must equal 10 (5 * 2). One must multiply the values on both sides of the equal sign by the same value to maintain their equality. In this case, since Y went from 10 to 20 it was multiplied by 2. That means we have to multiply the other side by 2 to maintain equivalence.
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5x5=25. 5, 10, 15 , 20, 25.
(10-20) + (10-5) = -10 + 5 = 5 - 10 (because the order doesn't matter as long as the signs are correct) = -5
40/10 = 20/a 4= 20/a 20/4 = a a= 5
1/5, 2/10, 20%
5*20/10 = 100/10 = 10